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Electrical

Modified on

15 Jun 2023 12:55 pm

What is CAD Communication?

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Skill-Lync

Need For Communication:

In complex embedded systems, multiple electronic systems are used for establishing the application. In this case, there is a need for the exchange of information between these electronic systems.

Types of communication:

1) Parallel Communication:

  • Data is transmitted simultaneously on a separate wire.
  • The space needed is higher, So the cost of implementation is high.
  • Faster speed of communication.
  • Requires complex wiring circuitry.
  • Does not require synchronization between Sender and Receiver.

Example: PCI, ATA, Etc

 

2) Serial Communication - Information is transmitted as a series of bit streams one at a time.

1) Based on the number of paths/Wire, serial communication is classified as

  • Half Duplex
  • A single wire is used for transmission and reception of messages.
  • Communication direction will be one at a time.

Full Duplex

  • Dedicated wire/path for transmission and reception of data.
  • Simultaneous data transfer for Transmission and Reception of data

Based on the type of synchronization

  • Synchronous serial Communication:
  • Dedicated wire for Data transmission and Clock Signal
  • Follows master and slave-based communication
  • Master – Generates clock irrespective of the direction of communication
  • Slave – Follows the master clock to perform read/write operations on a data bus
  • Examples of Synchronous Communication: SPI, I2C, USART, RS232, Etc 

Disadvantages of Synchronous serial communication:

  • Clock from Master – High-frequency signal which might cause data interference and corruption.
  • External noise due to EMC of the board might affect the clock characteristics, which could result in the wrong decoding of data.
  • The transmitter and receiver should operate in same clock frequency.

Asynchronous Serial Communication:

  • Sender and receiver have their own internal clocks thus do not need an external common clock pulse.
  • Slower data transfer rate compared to synchronous communication
  • Example : UART, CAN, LIN , Etc.
  • Parameters of Asynchronous Communication:
  • Baud rate – Number of data bits transmitted to receiver in 1 second, unit: Bits per Second(BPS)
  • (Rule of Thumb: Transmitter and Receiver should have same Baud rate for proper communication
  • Bit Duration: The time for which transmitter precisely maintains for every bit on a data bus or the time for the receiver to decode each bit on the data bus
  • Bit Duration = 1/ Baud rate
  • Idle State – Default state in absence of communication
  • Number of Start and Stop bits: (Self Synchronization of TX and RX)
  • For a proper communication synchronization is required, as sender and receiver run at different clock rate.
  • So Start Bit and Stop bits are used for exact synchronization.
  • This makes it slower as compared to that in synchronous transmission, but it is cheaper.

Example:

Simple Asynchronous communication :

  • The baud rate for communication: is 9600bps
  • Data to transmit: “1011 0111”

Working:

  • When the Data in the BUS changes from continuous logic to Low(Start Bit), The internal timer of the sender and receiver starts and gets ready for communication.
  • After data bits, when the bus level changes from logic low to high (Stop bits) to indicate the end of the communication.

The disadvantage of Asynchronous Serial Communication

  • Start and Stop Bit Over heading.
  • Noise in the signal may lead to False recognition of Start and Stop bits.
  • Response time cannot be predicted.
  • The handling of errors is more intricate.
  • Applications are comparatively hard to design for such transmissions.

 

 


Author

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Navin Baskar


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