In this exercise, we will derive the following 4th order approximation of the second-order derivative Central difference Skewed right-sided difference Skewed left-sided difference Derivation of the 4th order approximation of the second-order derivative: 1. Using the Central Difference Scheme: Total number of Nodes, N =…

Aim: To solve the Steady and Transient state 2D Heat Conduction Equation by using the point iteration techniques for both implicit and explicit schemes. Jacobi Gauss-Seidel Successive Over Relaxation   Theory: The heat equation is a partial differencial equation that describes how the heat is distributed over time…

Objective: What is the Finite Volume Method(FVM)? The major differences between FDM & FVM. The need for interpolation schemes and flux limiters in FVM.   Finite Volume Method The finite volume method (FVM) is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic…

Objective: To simulate the isentropic flow through a Quasi 1D subsonic nozzle by deriving both the conservation and non-conservation forms of the governing equations and solve them by implementing MacCormack's technique using MATLAB. Problem: We need to show the following plots inside your reportSteady-state distribution…

Objective: To simulate an incompressible-laminar-viscous flow through the backward-facing step geometry. To perform a transient simulation. This will be done for 2 cases Case 1 - Simulate the flow without using any grading factor (i.e., GF = 1) Case 2 - Simulate the flow with a grading factor of 0.2. The cells…

Objective: To simulate an axisymmetric flow by applying the wedge boundary condition. To write code in Matlab to automate the generation of blockMeshDict file.   Assumptions:  Steady flow, incompressible and laminar flow Flow is two dimensional Constant fluid properties (Viscosity, Density, etc)   Hagen-…

Objective: To study the effect of the wedge angle and the Boundary Conditions on the simulation of an axisymmetric laminar flow in a cylindrical pipe. The given wedge angles in degrees are- 10 25 45   Axi-symmetric flow: A flow pattern is axisymmetric when it is identical in every plane that passes through…

Introduction: Channel flow is an internal flow in which the confining walls change the hydrodynamic structure of the flow from an arbitrary state at the channel inlet to a certain state at the outlet. The simplest illustration of internal flow is a laminar flow in a circular tube, while a turbulent flow in the rotor of…

Aim: To simulate the turbulent flow of air in a backward-facing step for different base grid sizes and draw suitable conclusions.   Theory: The separated flow generated as the fluid passes over a backward-facing step is of interest for a variety of reasons. First, separated flows produced by an abrupt change in geometry…

Abstract: In this project, a steady state simulation of the throttle valve is studied using CONVERGE CFD. Pressure based solver with RNG k-epsilon turbulent model is used for simulation. Parameters like mass flow rate, velocity distribution, and pressure variation across the throttle region are observed and analyzed. Embedded…

Aim: To set up and simulate the Transient simulation of flow over the throttle body.   Objective:  Setting up Transient state simulation for flow over a throttle body. To generate the mesh that gives more accurate results. Post-processing the obtained results using ParaView and showing pressure and velocity…

Aim: To perform the Prandtl Meyer shock problem.   Introduction: Prandtl Meyer expansion fan is a two-dimensional simple wave. It is a centered expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns around a convex corner. The fan consists of a finite number of Mach waves diverging from sharp corners. When…

Objective: To simulate the flow through the solid pipe "Conjugate Heat transfer" and understand super cycling. We have to perform the following tasks: Baseline configuration Setup a flow simulation through a pipe Inlet Reynolds number should be 7,000 Hint: Use the below formula to calculate velocity for the corresponding…

Shock Tube Simulation: Objectives: Setup a transient shock tube simulation Plot the pressure and temperature history in the entire domain - Explain the result Plot the cell count as a function of time - Explain the result   Theory:     The shock tube is an instrument used to replicate and direct…

Aim:  To derive the Reynolds Averaged Navir Stokes(RANS) Equations.   Objective: To find the expressions for Reynolds stress by applying Reynolds decomposition to the Navier-Stokes equations. Also understanding the difference between turbulent viscosity and molecular velocity.   Theory: Reynolds Number: The…

Objective: To perform surface preparation and boundary flagging tasks on our IC Engine case and set up a No Hydro simulation.   Procedure: The PFI geometry .stl file is imported in the Converge Studio. The base geometry has surface errors that need to be cleared before we move up with the simulation.   Geometry:…

Objective: To simulate the Full-hydro case setup of PFI. What is the compression ratio of the engine? Calculate the Combustion efficiency of the Engine. Determine the Power and torque of the engine by using an engine performance calculator. What is the significance of CA10, CA50, and CA90? Why do we need a wall heat…

Objective: To run a 3D simulation of a CAT3410 diesel engine using two different piston bowl profiles and to understand the effect of piston bowl geometry on the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. Geometry: A tool called Make engine sector surface is used to create the engine the engine sector model…

Questions based on PFI Engine:   What is the Compression ratio for the engine? Compression ratio is defined as the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.  The compression ratio of an engine =  (Maximum Volume of the cylinder)/(Minimum Volume of the cylinder)…

1. Explore the GUI of GT SUITE and list down modules available with a brief description. GT Suite is the CAE simulation tool with capabilities and libraries aimed at a wide range of applications and industries. It offers engineering functionalities ranging from fast concept design to detailed system or sub-system/component…

Aim: To run the single cylinder SI engine setup at 1800 rpm. List down parameters such as air flow rate, BSFC, BMEP, and In-cylinder pressure. To run the same setup at 3600 rpm and increase the output by 10%   Introduction: The working cycle of both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines may be either two-stroke or four-stroke.…

Aim: Basic Calibration of Single cylinder CI-Engine   Objective: 1. Compare SI vs CI and list down differences (assignment no 2-SI) 2. Comments on the following parameters BSFC Exhaust Temperature A/F ratios 3. Change MFB 50 and observe the impact on performance   Comparison: SI vs CI S.No./Engine type  …

Aim: Turbocharger Modelling using GT POWER   Objective: List down different TC and locate examples from GT Power Explore tutorial number 6 and 7 Plot operating points on compressor and turbine maps In which application Variable Geometry Turbine is beneficial? Explore example- Diesel VGT EGR and understand the modeling…

Aim: Converting a detailed engine model to an FRM model.   Objective:  Explore tutorial number 9 and write a detailed report. Build FRM Model for the following configuration using the FRM builder approach. Bore 102 mm stroke 115 mm CR 17 No of cylinder 6 CI engine Twin Scroll Turbine GT Controller Run all cases…

Aim: Discretization of 3D intake manifold using GEM-3D   Objective: 1. Tutorial- single cyl DI add case 2 with discretization length 0.1 mm for intake runner and compare with default case 1 Parameters-Torque, BSFC, max cylinder pressure simulation time 2. Explore tutorial no 2 (GEM3D) - “Building intake…