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Aim:- The objective of the project is to create a data center model using macros in Icepak. The main parts of the data center are Computer room air conditioning (CRAC), server cabinets, power distribution units, and perforated tiles. Analyze the flow distribution and behavior of temperature in the server stacks. Introduction:…
Arun Gupta
updated on 21 Sep 2022
Aim:-
The objective of the project is to create a data center model using macros in Icepak. The main parts of the data center are Computer room air conditioning (CRAC), server cabinets, power distribution units, and perforated tiles. Analyze the flow distribution and behavior of temperature in the server stacks.
Introduction:
Problem Description:
This tutorial considers a 1200 sq. ft. datacenter with a slab-to-slab height of 12 ft. The data center consists of a 1.5 ft underfloor plenum and a 2 ft ceiling plenum. The CRACs discharge cold air into the underfloor plenum. The cold air enters the main data center space mainly through the perforated floor tiles and returns back to the air conditioning units. The cooling load is summarized below. The size and Capacity of Heat Sources in Datacenter correspond to the heat output from the server cabinets and the PDUs. A PCB board, library files, and traces are imported to create the model. The model is first solved for conduction only, without the components, and then solved using the actual components with forced convection.
Heat Source |
Size |
Power |
Server Cabinet |
2 ft x 3 ft x 7 ft |
3000 W |
High Density |
2 ft x 3 ft x 7 ft |
7000 W |
PDU |
4 ft x 2 ft x 5 ft |
3600 W |
Model
The following objects are created in Icepak using the design specification.
i) Cabinet: It creates a fluid region around the model for which the governing equations are solved.
Geometry
ii) Raise the floor
The plate object is used
iii) Computer room air conditioning (CRAC)
Macros --> Modelling --> Data center componnets --> CRAC.
Intake fan specification
Copy the CRAC & translate the 10ft along Z and create a group and name it CRACs1.
iv) Rack 1
Macros --> Modelling --> Data center components --> Rack (front to rear).
Rack specification
Create a group and name it RACKs.
The direction of flow in an adjacent rack will be in opposite direction.
Copy the Racks, translate the 7ft along X and rotate around the Y axis, angle - 180 and pivot about the centroid & name the group as RACKs
Rack 2
Macros --> Modelling --> Data center components --> Rack (front to rear).
Rack specification
Create a group and name it HD RACKs.
The direction of flow in the adjacent rack will be in opposite direction.
Copy the Racks, translate the 7ft along X and rotate around the Y axis, angle - 180, and pivot about the centroid & name it as HD RACKs.
v) Perforated Tiles
Macros --> Modelling --> data center components --> Tiles.
Copy the Tiles & translate 2ft along X, create the group & name it Tile.
Copy the Tile group & translate 14ft along X.
vi) Ceiling
vii) Grille 1
Copy the grille & translate 9ft along Z.
Grille 2
Copy the grille & translate 10ft along Z.
viii) Power distribution unit
Macros --> Modelling --> Data center componnets --> PDU.
Flow direction
Percent open area on the bottom - 0.25 & create the group & name it as PDU.
Copy the grille & translate 14ft along X & 28ft along Z.
ix) Pipe 1
Pipe 2
x) Column
Copy the column & translate 20ft along Z.
x) Cable trays
Copy the column & translate 6ft along X.
Mesh Control
The mesh refinement of the bus bar are done by increasing the element count along the cross-section. Select CRAC components --> Set --> object mesh parameter & increase the count value.
The Mesh for the three planes passing along the center of the control panel.
X Plane
Surface mesh
Mesh Quality
Face alignment
Volume
Skewness
Solver
General Setup
Natural convection is considered for this model.
The gravity vector for the y-axis is set to -9.81 m/s2.
The default value of the parameters is set to default.
Solution Initialization
Basic settings
Convergence criteria
Parallel Settings
Advance Solver Setup
Results
The residuals for the following equations are plotted against the number of iterations:
The solution converged around 1000 iterations and the solution has reached a steady state.
Monitor points
Temperature monitor points are created within the computational domain not only to monitor the steady-state temperatures of the key objects in the model, such as heat sources and heat sinks but also to inform the advent of a steady state. The image attached below shows the data recorded by the temperature monitor points plotted against the number of iterations.
It can be seen that after 100 iterations there is no appreciable change in the recorded temperatures which indicates that the energy equation has possibly converged. According to the plot, the objects attain the following steady-state temperatures:
Results:
Temperature Contours:
Velocity:
Conclusion:
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